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# U7 ^: `( {7 [7 X, @! c. x# umso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">看罢塔院,沿公路返回。路经鲁家滩桥前右转沿河道岸边而行,走上两三分钟,右边有一条能通车辆的土路,与之相对的是河道岸边有一堤口且河道内有一砌盘槐树,咱们上土路,去此行的第二站——徐氏定国公墓。 3 b' e- E# R3 {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;* |! z% f9 H; F0 J
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20111113之“鲁家滩—北车营”穿越游记(上)
20111113之“鲁家滩—北车营”穿越游记(上)
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% O! j' T( r& _3 q8 F- f3 {* J: e4 Kminor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">有关徐氏定国公墓的介绍,特别是墓主的人考证,请拜阅这篇文章:
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9 K" ~+ m3 G5 ]7 X! ~% f/ x- chttp://zhonggang.blog.artron.net/space.php?uid=527966&do=blog&id=705253 9 \$ C# e# T1 J: n0 b( E
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( S0 K5 s1 y+ {' u6 B7 ~" m7 eminor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">现原引全文如下:
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minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">门头沟区潭柘寺镇鲁家滩村西南有一处定国公墓地,在地图上标明为“徐增寿墓”。上个世纪九十年代初,门头沟区编写《门头沟区地名志》,分给我几个编写条目,其中就有“徐增寿墓”这个条目。我在北京市文物局的资料中心查找1958* S8 c5 u$ \( Z/ d* m
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1 L" u# @* @' c0 L- `! wminor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年普查表,从中找到了该表,并进行了复印。该表也标明此墓为“徐增寿墓”,于是我又从《明史•徐达传》中查到了有关徐增寿的简介,便没有再进行细致的研究,于是动手撰写了“徐增寿墓”的词条。
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. ^. X- q3 C2 h9 W+ G' u( Z4 ^mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年,应潭柘寺镇鲁家滩村委会之邀,参与编写《鲁家滩》小册子时,对“徐增寿”墓地进行了实地考察。该墓地位于鲁家滩村西约1+ v3 u2 H3 Y, u( C5 `( o: `' zmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:
% d4 @5 ^) @" |- Z/ ?minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">公里处,当地群众称之为“北楼”,系“碑楼”之谐音。据当地群众讲,墓地原来有华表、碑亭、石羊、石马、石文武官像等,但毁于“文革”之中,现仅存残石马及荫荫青松。在座谈走访中得知,村民高满囤家有一块方形的石碑,而且是从北楼那搬回来的,于是我来到高家,在其院内的做饭棚内见到了灶台旁用来搁放杂物的那块石碑,挪开杂物仔细一看,原来是一块墓志铭,当即进行了捶拓。回来后对拓片进行了仔细研究,发现该墓志铭的主人是徐延德。徐延德“字用修,号敬斋,其先祖凤阳府凤阳县人”,生于“正德甲戌年(1514% r/ o9 ^* g) E# H/ r4 {! j0 Hmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:5 b7 W. W5 C2 T; l- E; d
minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年)七月十一日”,“年十六即袭公爵”,曾任左军都督、神机营中军都督等职,隆庆元年(1567/ j* K" Z& u9 A) X1 }. U& y6 Y
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. n3 B5 z8 w5 q' G0 L* V+ }minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年)十月十二日逝,/ a0 @4 U0 A' X
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+ t# b5 [* ^ T" J: X# F/ g3 dmso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">享年“仅五十有四”,“隆庆戊辰年(15684 G4 g9 T% b j+ `. C1 ^
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minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年)正月初九日葬于阜成门外马鞍山祖茔之次”。我又到北京市文物局资料中心查找1958: Z T% [# k+ q- \" ^+ Lmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:
; d1 v1 B: Q* Q- v/ Q- Kminor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年普查表的详细资料,由于该资料中心刚刚搬完家,资料还没有进行整理,一时无法查找,该中心的孔老师给我找来一本北京图书馆出版的金石拓片图录,我从中找到了该墓地碑亭中所立的《定国公
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0 C4 @- {; e0 v" B. r0 Nmso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">徐氏神道碑文》的拓片,立即复印了回来。 r* G* Y; p! T$ \0 l {
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& z" K- L0 ]+ U" Pminor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">回来后。我又重新对《明史•徐达传》进行了仔细的阅读,《明史•徐达传》中载:徐达“子四,辉祖、添福、膺绪、增寿”。“增寿以父任仕至左都督。建文帝疑燕王反,嘗以问增寿。增寿顿首曰:‘燕王先帝同气,富贵已极,何故反。’及燕师起,数以京师虚实输于燕。帝觉之,未及问。比燕兵渡江,帝诏增寿诘之,不对,手剑斩之殿庑下。王入,抚尸哭。即位,追封武阳侯,谥忠愍。寻进封定国公,禄二千五百石。以其子景昌嗣。”我又翻检博物馆馆藏文物总账看看是否有关实物资料,没想到还真的找出一块“荣禄大夫上柱国定国公徐氏墓志铭”的残块,上载“……忠愍克肖中遇非命……命公嗣封。”墓主人于明“正统二年(14375 d- u) `% B+ B+ N+ k; Z6 `0 [/ b
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minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年)六月十一日以疾卒于正寝……以卒之岁九月九日葬宛平县京西乡黄家台之原。”而《明实录•英宗正统实录》中载:“正统二年七月乙未,以顺天府宛平县京西乡民地六十亩,造定国公徐景昌坟,命有司除其税粮。”而《定国公徐氏神道碑文》的拓片中载:我大明勋臣首称徐中山王达事载本传卒葬锺山……定国公讳增寿,姓徐氏,凤阳人,中山王次子也。从高皇帝征兒不花,累功授左都督。洪武末靖难,兵抵留都,增寿死焉。文皇帝以其乃心王室,功在社稷,而身膏锋镝,震悼甚于诸死事者,赐葬锺山。谥忠愍、追封定国公。带砺之盟爰及后裔,子景昌袭父爵。”墓志铭、神道碑、《明史》、《明实录》死者相互吻合,由此得知墓主人是徐景昌,而非徐增寿,因为徐增寿赐葬于锺山,所以说鲁家滩定国公家族墓地的第一位墓主是徐景昌。徐景昌,永乐二年(1404- f0 F/ _& p5 ~: V; Y$ Z; ~9 F
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minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年)六月袭定国公爵,统领禁军从南京护驾至北京。永乐二十二年(1424# \7 ]; x/ s, n) S2 v. o+ \, ~
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minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">),徐景昌因居功自傲,盛气凌人,不服朝教,屡被弹劾,明成祖朱棣无奈而削其公爵并停其职。洪熙元年仁宗又恢复其爵位。那么鲁家滩定国公墓地到底埋了几代定国公呢?据《定国公徐氏神道碑文》载:“文皇帝北都燕卒赐葬燕之马鞍山,追赠寿功也。景昌生显忠、显忠生永宁、永宁生世英、世英生光祚,凡五世皆统禁兵宿卫参枢务。卒葬马鞍山。”据《明史•功臣世表》载:第一代定国公是徐增寿、第二代是其子徐景昌、第三代是景昌子显忠、第四代是显忠子永宁、第五代是永宁子光祚、第六代是光祚子延德、第七代是延德子文璧、第八代是文璧子希□、第九代是希□子允祯。共传九代定国公。现已知徐景昌、徐显忠、徐永宁、徐光祚、徐延德五代定国公埋葬于此,徐文璧、徐希□、徐允祯、三代定国公是否埋于此,还有待于今后的研究发现。
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a$ T% Z& \* B& ^, z6 d0 I/ e' v1 P+ L umso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:
! z$ \1 Z( Q! N" Xminor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">通过一系列的广泛搜集资料,实地考察,在此基础上研究考证,基本上弄清理顺了鲁家滩村定国公家族墓地的沿革,从而推翻了原定为“徐增寿墓”结论,我写出了《门头沟发现明代墓志铭》一文,发表在1998! u* B- V V+ l
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minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">日的北京日报上,得到社会上的认可。此次的考察发现对我是一次深刻的教训,使我深深地体会到搞学术研究并不是一项简单的事情,没有捷径可走,只有脚踏实地去实地考察。 6 F3 b: Q9 u; V" `: p
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minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">笔者注: ) u( E" Z4 i4 s' v$ [1 Q/ J/ h- M
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~& T+ {0 I# Z5 Dmso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">、“黄家台”为“鲁家滩”明朝初期名称,万历年间改称为鲁家滩
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# F' I) n! ] J7 _$ m$ e"Times New="New" Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
# J0 |4 n5 L$ v2 {; e- l% gmso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">、当地称墓地为“徐延昭墓” " a* T, B) m3 `( S9 q5 Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;8 ^2 F* q' |3 J5 D E8 N* a1 f
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