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mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">看罢塔院，沿公路返回。路经鲁家滩桥前右转沿河道岸边而行，走上两三分钟，右边有一条能通车辆的土路，与之相对的是河道岸边有一堤口且河道内有一砌盘槐树，咱们上土路，去此行的第二站——徐氏定国公墓。 L$ R: R0 w$ E2 G; Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;+ N$ t- V- o+ o" M3 `- T
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20111113之“鲁家滩—北车营”穿越游记（上）
20111113之“鲁家滩—北车营”穿越游记（上）
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minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">有关徐氏定国公墓的介绍，特别是墓主的人考证，请拜阅这篇文章： , [. i4 A% r; \ J, D
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minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">现原引全文如下：
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) @, Z' ]) T7 y/ c: Z. E! _minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">门头沟区潭柘寺镇鲁家滩村西南有一处定国公墓地，在地图上标明为“徐增寿墓”。上个世纪九十年代初，门头沟区编写《门头沟区地名志》，分给我几个编写条目，其中就有“徐增寿墓”这个条目。我在北京市文物局的资料中心查找1958* M+ C% D4 M# nmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:: V7 K, X c6 e8 ] g% w6 q4 X
minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年普查表，从中找到了该表，并进行了复印。该表也标明此墓为“徐增寿墓”，于是我又从《明史•徐达传》中查到了有关徐增寿的简介，便没有再进行细致的研究，于是动手撰写了“徐增寿墓”的词条。 3 `, ^6 Y% e8 @, K
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1 S4 x4 |( }! f8 e3 E/ u" ~mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年，应潭柘寺镇鲁家滩村委会之邀，参与编写《鲁家滩》小册子时，对“徐增寿”墓地进行了实地考察。该墓地位于鲁家滩村西约1$ M1 W7 |8 P1 L, Cmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:; \! B/ C" v) U
minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">公里处，当地群众称之为“北楼”，系“碑楼”之谐音。据当地群众讲，墓地原来有华表、碑亭、石羊、石马、石文武官像等，但毁于“文革”之中，现仅存残石马及荫荫青松。在座谈走访中得知，村民高满囤家有一块方形的石碑，而且是从北楼那搬回来的，于是我来到高家，在其院内的做饭棚内见到了灶台旁用来搁放杂物的那块石碑，挪开杂物仔细一看，原来是一块墓志铭，当即进行了捶拓。回来后对拓片进行了仔细研究，发现该墓志铭的主人是徐延德。徐延德“字用修，号敬斋，其先祖凤阳府凤阳县人”，生于“正德甲戌年（15143 ?2 n1 v" t' S5 imso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:- n$ J& m# ~* }
minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年）七月十一日”，“年十六即袭公爵”，曾任左军都督、神机营中军都督等职，隆庆元年（15676 y" P1 B! E+ R) V+ lmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:1 X- |0 `+ e+ |# D9 }
minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年）十月十二日逝，
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mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">享年“仅五十有四”，“隆庆戊辰年（1568$ [4 F6 P5 W2 m( [# d+ Z( o1 ]
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minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年）正月初九日葬于阜成门外马鞍山祖茔之次”。我又到北京市文物局资料中心查找1958/ A8 y* P* ^" Q/ w9 \ umso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:
* S5 J- x3 d0 H* tminor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年普查表的详细资料，由于该资料中心刚刚搬完家，资料还没有进行整理，一时无法查找，该中心的孔老师给我找来一本北京图书馆出版的金石拓片图录，我从中找到了该墓地碑亭中所立的《定国公
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mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">徐氏神道碑文》的拓片，立即复印了回来。
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, C$ J+ c2 V( s6 Iminor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">回来后。我又重新对《明史•徐达传》进行了仔细的阅读，《明史•徐达传》中载：徐达“子四，辉祖、添福、膺绪、增寿”。“增寿以父任仕至左都督。建文帝疑燕王反，嘗以问增寿。增寿顿首曰：‘燕王先帝同气，富贵已极，何故反。’及燕师起，数以京师虚实输于燕。帝觉之，未及问。比燕兵渡江，帝诏增寿诘之，不对，手剑斩之殿庑下。王入，抚尸哭。即位，追封武阳侯，谥忠愍。寻进封定国公，禄二千五百石。以其子景昌嗣。”我又翻检博物馆馆藏文物总账看看是否有关实物资料，没想到还真的找出一块“荣禄大夫上柱国定国公徐氏墓志铭”的残块，上载“……忠愍克肖中遇非命……命公嗣封。”墓主人于明“正统二年（1437* P# z4 R( P7 R4 Q
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:
) n! [& C% N; X: l. h5 tminor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年）六月十一日以疾卒于正寝……以卒之岁九月九日葬宛平县京西乡黄家台之原。”而《明实录•英宗正统实录》中载：“正统二年七月乙未，以顺天府宛平县京西乡民地六十亩，造定国公徐景昌坟，命有司除其税粮。”而《定国公徐氏神道碑文》的拓片中载：我大明勋臣首称徐中山王达事载本传卒葬锺山……定国公讳增寿，姓徐氏，凤阳人，中山王次子也。从高皇帝征兒不花，累功授左都督。洪武末靖难，兵抵留都，增寿死焉。文皇帝以其乃心王室，功在社稷，而身膏锋镝，震悼甚于诸死事者，赐葬锺山。谥忠愍、追封定国公。带砺之盟爰及后裔，子景昌袭父爵。”墓志铭、神道碑、《明史》、《明实录》死者相互吻合，由此得知墓主人是徐景昌，而非徐增寿，因为徐增寿赐葬于锺山，所以说鲁家滩定国公家族墓地的第一位墓主是徐景昌。徐景昌，永乐二年（14046 D. m1 o0 H# d* ^' }
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$ |5 n" P, X, g* Bminor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年）六月袭定国公爵，统领禁军从南京护驾至北京。永乐二十二年（1424- S- @& N. a3 y/ D3 g$ N
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* J9 I$ M* @/ sminor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">），徐景昌因居功自傲，盛气凌人，不服朝教，屡被弹劾，明成祖朱棣无奈而削其公爵并停其职。洪熙元年仁宗又恢复其爵位。那么鲁家滩定国公墓地到底埋了几代定国公呢？据《定国公徐氏神道碑文》载：“文皇帝北都燕卒赐葬燕之马鞍山，追赠寿功也。景昌生显忠、显忠生永宁、永宁生世英、世英生光祚，凡五世皆统禁兵宿卫参枢务。卒葬马鞍山。”据《明史•功臣世表》载：第一代定国公是徐增寿、第二代是其子徐景昌、第三代是景昌子显忠、第四代是显忠子永宁、第五代是永宁子光祚、第六代是光祚子延德、第七代是延德子文璧、第八代是文璧子希□、第九代是希□子允祯。共传九代定国公。现已知徐景昌、徐显忠、徐永宁、徐光祚、徐延德五代定国公埋葬于此，徐文璧、徐希□、徐允祯、三代定国公是否埋于此，还有待于今后的研究发现。
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minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">通过一系列的广泛搜集资料，实地考察，在此基础上研究考证，基本上弄清理顺了鲁家滩村定国公家族墓地的沿革，从而推翻了原定为“徐增寿墓”结论，我写出了《门头沟发现明代墓志铭》一文，发表在1998* G; j: I7 w5 K2 j' T' C! Ymso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:
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! ~+ f( f" A$ O5 r/ Vminor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">日的北京日报上，得到社会上的认可。此次的考察发现对我是一次深刻的教训，使我深深地体会到搞学术研究并不是一项简单的事情，没有捷径可走，只有脚踏实地去实地考察。
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minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">笔者注：
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9 c! C/ r, z5 h0 t' P# Ymso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">、“黄家台”为“鲁家滩”明朝初期名称，万历年间改称为鲁家滩 " a; t, R* F2 n9 F/ `6 T# |3 {
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mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">、当地称墓地为“徐延昭墓” . U& k( e$ p8 k* `7 m+ _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
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发表于 2011-12-1 15:16:00
楼主
发表于 2011-12-1 16:39:00
